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| All the Emperor’s Men Appendix A: Politics in the Imperial Armed Forces |
The hierarchical nature of a military sub-culture inherently promotes politicking at some level or another. Whether it is motivated by ideological
or personality-based concerns, there is an inevitable maneuvering for position, prestige, power, and influence in any organized group. This can
range from using one’s familial or personal connections to advance one’s career to using unorthodox and innovative methods or to impressing
one’s superiors with one’s scrupulous adherence to established standards of conduct and performance. Examination of the evidence of the
Expanded Universe demonstrates that the Imperial Armed Forces are characterized by the competing and occasionally exclusive trends of
aristocracy, meritocracy, and political orthodoxy.
The influence of an aristocratic system is clearly visible in the Expanded Universe. The Rebellion Era Sourcebook describes the so-called
“Generationals,” families whose members have served in the armed forces of the Galactic Republic, the Security Forces, and other local,
Sectorial, and sub-Regional powers for a number of generations (also called “Navy natives” in The Far Orbit Project). Although the Imperial
State acted to break the Generationals’ dominance in the Naval forces, it “made sure the wellsprings of the Navy’s tradition continued to flow”
according to Coruscant and the Core Worlds; the same source describes the residential area surrounding the Anaxes Citadel as “akin to a map of
Imperial genealogy” to “anyone sufficiently familiar with the aristocracy of the Empire,” explaining that the names of these residents are
“synonymous with naval service” (the families mentioned as among the residents of the exclusive Anaxes Citadel area are the Holt, Ozzel,
Jerjerrod, Wermis, and Banjeer families). One supposes that the traditionalist Admiral Mils Giel from “Shira’s Story” is also representative of
the Naval aristocracy; Commander Titus Klev (perceived to be on the fast track to becoming a Moff Governor) is said by the Dark Empire
Sourcebook to have been the 37th generation of Klevs to be accepted to the Naval Academy, and Captain Dagon Niriz’s family is said to have
served for “generations” in “Mist Encounter.” Likewise, the family of Commander Dhas Vedij was said to have “a Navy lineage going back to
the very founding of the service” in The Far Orbit Project.
Aside from the institutional aristocracy of the Generationals, there is also the actual nobility to be considered, who are possessed of such
wealth, power, and influence as to be a group all their own. The Hero’s Guide mentions that “large numbers of nobles” are members of the
Imperial Senate, that “bureaucrats and businessmen frequently rise from the ranks of noble houses,” and that “many of the galaxy’s most
prominent corporations are owned and operated by noble houses.” It is easy to see how those members of the Armed Forces tied by blood to
the highest circles of power in all areas of the galaxy can become embroiled in politics both within and without the Armed Forces; it is
noteworthy to add that the Hero’s Guide says that “conflict between nobles is often fierce and occasionally deadly,” mentioning that “from
duels to assassinations, the perils of being a prominent noble from a house with any sort of power are many and prevalent” (cf. Darth Vader’s
comment that the Princess Leia of Alderaan’s education included preparation to withstand “conventional questioning,” i.e., torture).
Although all of the senior-most leaders of the Armed Forces will necessarily be involved in politics to some degree, the nobles among them will
be particularly highly involved, such as High General Cassio Tagge (A New Hope) and his youngest brother General Ulric Tagge (“Return to
Tatooine!”; acceded to the Barony Tagge in “Dark Lord’s Gambit”), both affiliated with the powerful, pro-Imperial and monarchist House of
Tagge, owners of the Tagge Company (TaggeCo.), and both of whose careers were affected by their elder brother Orman, Baron Tagge’s
influence and by his hatred for Lord Vader. Commodore the Lord Tion, charged with eliminating all trace of the rebel Alliance on the financial
world of Ralltiir, inadvertently played a major part in the Rebellion’s acquisition of the Death Star plans in Star Wars: The Original Radio
Drama (the fact that he knew of the Death Star Project is an implicit indicator of his own connections). Another prominent nobleman among the
Imperial Naval elite is Grand Admiral Grant, a Tapani “Lord of the Expanse” according to “Who’s Who: Imperial Grand Admirals”; he probably
belongs to House Melantha, which the Lords of the Expanse Gamemaster Guide states to be heavily pro-Imperial (it is said to provide “several
dozen moffs and governors,” “three Melanthan Dark Adepts,” and provided “hundreds of lesser officials [who] serve in the government and
military as bureau chiefs, ministers, Navy captains, and so on”; House Melantha’s High Lord, Lord Bal Jaset, served on Imperial Center “for 12
years as a Court advisor,” i.e., a Privy Counsellor). Members of House Melantha in the Imperial Armed Forces clearly have a wide array of
familial connections at their disposal.
There is also the unusual case of Iran, Countess Ryad, mentioned by More Starships!; a career politician, she was an amateur naval historian and
armchair admiral, dabbling in the Imperial Navy’s affairs and its politics. Furthermore, in The Far Orbit Project it is mentioned that the noble
Vedij family was simultaneously aristocratic and Generational, and Ronnan Tyia, Baron Vedij, had risen through the ranks from boatswain (a
warrant officer) to admiral before retiring to Imperial Center (the Lord Vedij’s son, Dhas Vedij, rose to the rank of commander before defecting
and seizing control of the escort frigate HIMS Far Orbit, becoming a rebel privateer).
The Hero’s Guide explains that “no upper-crust family in the Galactic Empire can bear to be without the status symbol of a child with the rank
of officer” (and that occasionally “their families’ money provides a passing grade” at one of the military academies). Family connections, which
feature prominently in the early stages of an officer’s career, become of more limited value as time passes, as “superior officers with real military
experience” may determine an officer to be unfit for service, and end an incompetent officer’s career regardless of the contents of the officer’s
Quality of Family Certificate (used to provide an officer applicant a second chance at admission should he or she not perform satisfactorily on
the Standard Officer’s Intelligence Test in Force Commander). An example of this kind of occurrence is seen in “The Making of Baron Fel,” in
which the title character tells one of his pilots that he must have actual piloting skills to fly with the 181st Imperial Fighter Group, Senator’s
son or no. In the Dark Empire Sourcebook, Mako Spince, a cadet at the Military Academy at Carida, was expelled after a particularly
obnoxious student prank destroyed the Academy’s mascot moon, despite being the son of an influential Senator.
With sufficient length of service and a distinguished enough service record, an Imperial officer can “arrange a political, rather than military,
office” and rise to become a Moff Governor. It is said that most officers have a mentor or patron, a higher-ranking officer (often a family member
or friend of the family, but not necessarily so) that sponsors their careers and mentors them, providing “information and resources from time to
time” but the source is quick to add that direct intervention on the part of the patron is done sparingly; here one is reminded of the relationship
between Admiral Mordon and Maarek Stele in TIE Fighter: The Stele Chronicles. The Hero’s Guide also mentions that it is not uncommon for
an influential officer to gather around himself or herself a cadre of loyal clients who follow him or her from assignment to assignment, such as
Moff Governor Getelles and Admiral Larm in Planet of Twilight. Note that the case of Captain Nolaan and his protégé Lieutenant Jovan Vharing
(who was promoted to become the youngest captain and commanding officer of a Star Destroyer in the Imperial Navy after Nolaan’s summary
execution) demonstrates the dangers of being associated too closely with a disgraced patron; Vharing was himself summarily executed by High
Inquisitor Tremayne in “The Longest Fall.”
Nevertheless, there is also strong indication that ability alone can carry an officer’s career to the greatest heights, as well. His execution
notwithstanding, Vharing was himself an example of a supremely competent officer’s career advancing quite rapidly. TIE Fighter: The Stele
Chronicles, The TIE Fighter Official Strategy Guide and “The Emperor’s Pawns” detail the remarkable career of the Imperial ace of aces, Tan
Maarek Stele, who became one of the greatest fighter pilots in the galaxy, with a close connection with the Galactic Emperor himself and a
formidable reputation throughout the Empire in spite of his humble birth on a war-ravaged planet which didn’t even have contact with the
galactic civilization throughout much of his early life. In The New Essential Guide to Characters, the scribe describes Firmus Piett’s rapid ascent
to the rank of fleet admiral despite a complete lack of connections with the nomenklatura of the Core Worlds, solely on the basis of his superior
performance. Soontir Fel, born to an agrarian family of no significance, became one of the youngest commanding officers of a warship in the
history of the Imperial Navy (and eventually received a Barony of the Empire) because of his brilliant leadership and phenomenal ability as a
Naval Aviator in “The Making of Baron Fel” and The Hutt Gambit. Maximilian Veers rose practically overnight from being a colonel assigned to
an unimportant garrison in “Side Trip Part Four” to being a major general commanding the ground forces of Darth Vader’s elite Death Squadron
in The Empire Strikes Back. Mitth’raw’nuruodo, exiled from a backwater communist society in the Unknown Regions, rose from having no
friends or family at all to being one of the Galactic Emperor’s handpicked grand admirals and a Warlord of the Empire, as evidenced by “Mist
Encounter” and Heir to the Empire, this even in the face of human supremacist sentiments entrenched in many segments of Imperial and galactic
society.
For all their meritocracy, the Imperial Armed Forces do appear to have heavy institutional inertia and tend to put heavily pressure on junior
officers to conform to the accepted doctrines and procedures. This produces a curious environment of institutionalized excellence which adopts
new ideas without necessarily rewarding innovation. The Imperial Sourcebook, Second Edition mentions that “it is not unknown for a
commander to be summarily executed for his violation of Surface Operations Training Doctrine, and then have his methods evaluated and
subsequently adopted as new doctrine.” Because the Imperial Armed Forces have an irregular tendency toward summary demotion and
execution, and an equally irregular tendency toward field promotion – e.g., Lieutenant Janek Sunber’s promotion to captain, and then
“commander” (i.e., major) over the course of a single day in his first year of service in “To the Last Man,” or the well-known case of the
execution of Fleet Admiral Kendal Ozzel and promotion of Captain Piett to fleet admiral in The Empire Strikes Back – it is difficult to judge
how often the zealous conservatism of the “old liners” may lead to such reactionary termination of innovative officers, and how often the very
same kind of officer is promoted instead.
As usual, COMPNOR and the totalitarian wing of the monarchist party of the Galactic Empire have something of a confrontational relationship
with the other elements. The Dark Empire Sourcebook mentions “Political Reliability Observers” overseeing officers’ children, and an officer in
CompForce’s Observation branch designated the “Chief Ideological Monitor”; this is quite consistent with the repeated claims throughout the
Expanded Universe that the quasi-official Imperial Security Bureau (ISB) and the paramilitary CompForce routinely spy on the colonial
administration and the Regular Army and Navy personnel. Indeed, it is known that there are a number of officers who excel in political
maneuvering and their devotion to the New Order (i.e., the totalitarian segments of the Imperial State) and little else. Rear Admiral Motti is quite
explicitly said to be one such officer by the Death Star Technical Companion; Grand Admiral Ishin-Il-Raz is unambiguously said by “Who’s
Who: Imperial Grand Admirals” to have achieved his lofty rank by virtue of his status as one of the founders and chief ideologues of
COMPNOR, and possessed not the slightest modicum of the acumen implied by his white uniform. It is known that these officers and
totalitarian partisans are cordially detested among the other elements of the Armed Forces, who deeply resent the influence and preferential
treatment of the ideologically-connected personnel.
See also:
References:
or personality-based concerns, there is an inevitable maneuvering for position, prestige, power, and influence in any organized group. This can
range from using one’s familial or personal connections to advance one’s career to using unorthodox and innovative methods or to impressing
one’s superiors with one’s scrupulous adherence to established standards of conduct and performance. Examination of the evidence of the
Expanded Universe demonstrates that the Imperial Armed Forces are characterized by the competing and occasionally exclusive trends of
aristocracy, meritocracy, and political orthodoxy.
The influence of an aristocratic system is clearly visible in the Expanded Universe. The Rebellion Era Sourcebook describes the so-called
“Generationals,” families whose members have served in the armed forces of the Galactic Republic, the Security Forces, and other local,
Sectorial, and sub-Regional powers for a number of generations (also called “Navy natives” in The Far Orbit Project). Although the Imperial
State acted to break the Generationals’ dominance in the Naval forces, it “made sure the wellsprings of the Navy’s tradition continued to flow”
according to Coruscant and the Core Worlds; the same source describes the residential area surrounding the Anaxes Citadel as “akin to a map of
Imperial genealogy” to “anyone sufficiently familiar with the aristocracy of the Empire,” explaining that the names of these residents are
“synonymous with naval service” (the families mentioned as among the residents of the exclusive Anaxes Citadel area are the Holt, Ozzel,
Jerjerrod, Wermis, and Banjeer families). One supposes that the traditionalist Admiral Mils Giel from “Shira’s Story” is also representative of
the Naval aristocracy; Commander Titus Klev (perceived to be on the fast track to becoming a Moff Governor) is said by the Dark Empire
Sourcebook to have been the 37th generation of Klevs to be accepted to the Naval Academy, and Captain Dagon Niriz’s family is said to have
served for “generations” in “Mist Encounter.” Likewise, the family of Commander Dhas Vedij was said to have “a Navy lineage going back to
the very founding of the service” in The Far Orbit Project.
Aside from the institutional aristocracy of the Generationals, there is also the actual nobility to be considered, who are possessed of such
wealth, power, and influence as to be a group all their own. The Hero’s Guide mentions that “large numbers of nobles” are members of the
Imperial Senate, that “bureaucrats and businessmen frequently rise from the ranks of noble houses,” and that “many of the galaxy’s most
prominent corporations are owned and operated by noble houses.” It is easy to see how those members of the Armed Forces tied by blood to
the highest circles of power in all areas of the galaxy can become embroiled in politics both within and without the Armed Forces; it is
noteworthy to add that the Hero’s Guide says that “conflict between nobles is often fierce and occasionally deadly,” mentioning that “from
duels to assassinations, the perils of being a prominent noble from a house with any sort of power are many and prevalent” (cf. Darth Vader’s
comment that the Princess Leia of Alderaan’s education included preparation to withstand “conventional questioning,” i.e., torture).
Although all of the senior-most leaders of the Armed Forces will necessarily be involved in politics to some degree, the nobles among them will
be particularly highly involved, such as High General Cassio Tagge (A New Hope) and his youngest brother General Ulric Tagge (“Return to
Tatooine!”; acceded to the Barony Tagge in “Dark Lord’s Gambit”), both affiliated with the powerful, pro-Imperial and monarchist House of
Tagge, owners of the Tagge Company (TaggeCo.), and both of whose careers were affected by their elder brother Orman, Baron Tagge’s
influence and by his hatred for Lord Vader. Commodore the Lord Tion, charged with eliminating all trace of the rebel Alliance on the financial
world of Ralltiir, inadvertently played a major part in the Rebellion’s acquisition of the Death Star plans in Star Wars: The Original Radio
Drama (the fact that he knew of the Death Star Project is an implicit indicator of his own connections). Another prominent nobleman among the
Imperial Naval elite is Grand Admiral Grant, a Tapani “Lord of the Expanse” according to “Who’s Who: Imperial Grand Admirals”; he probably
belongs to House Melantha, which the Lords of the Expanse Gamemaster Guide states to be heavily pro-Imperial (it is said to provide “several
dozen moffs and governors,” “three Melanthan Dark Adepts,” and provided “hundreds of lesser officials [who] serve in the government and
military as bureau chiefs, ministers, Navy captains, and so on”; House Melantha’s High Lord, Lord Bal Jaset, served on Imperial Center “for 12
years as a Court advisor,” i.e., a Privy Counsellor). Members of House Melantha in the Imperial Armed Forces clearly have a wide array of
familial connections at their disposal.
There is also the unusual case of Iran, Countess Ryad, mentioned by More Starships!; a career politician, she was an amateur naval historian and
armchair admiral, dabbling in the Imperial Navy’s affairs and its politics. Furthermore, in The Far Orbit Project it is mentioned that the noble
Vedij family was simultaneously aristocratic and Generational, and Ronnan Tyia, Baron Vedij, had risen through the ranks from boatswain (a
warrant officer) to admiral before retiring to Imperial Center (the Lord Vedij’s son, Dhas Vedij, rose to the rank of commander before defecting
and seizing control of the escort frigate HIMS Far Orbit, becoming a rebel privateer).
The Hero’s Guide explains that “no upper-crust family in the Galactic Empire can bear to be without the status symbol of a child with the rank
of officer” (and that occasionally “their families’ money provides a passing grade” at one of the military academies). Family connections, which
feature prominently in the early stages of an officer’s career, become of more limited value as time passes, as “superior officers with real military
experience” may determine an officer to be unfit for service, and end an incompetent officer’s career regardless of the contents of the officer’s
Quality of Family Certificate (used to provide an officer applicant a second chance at admission should he or she not perform satisfactorily on
the Standard Officer’s Intelligence Test in Force Commander). An example of this kind of occurrence is seen in “The Making of Baron Fel,” in
which the title character tells one of his pilots that he must have actual piloting skills to fly with the 181st Imperial Fighter Group, Senator’s
son or no. In the Dark Empire Sourcebook, Mako Spince, a cadet at the Military Academy at Carida, was expelled after a particularly
obnoxious student prank destroyed the Academy’s mascot moon, despite being the son of an influential Senator.
With sufficient length of service and a distinguished enough service record, an Imperial officer can “arrange a political, rather than military,
office” and rise to become a Moff Governor. It is said that most officers have a mentor or patron, a higher-ranking officer (often a family member
or friend of the family, but not necessarily so) that sponsors their careers and mentors them, providing “information and resources from time to
time” but the source is quick to add that direct intervention on the part of the patron is done sparingly; here one is reminded of the relationship
between Admiral Mordon and Maarek Stele in TIE Fighter: The Stele Chronicles. The Hero’s Guide also mentions that it is not uncommon for
an influential officer to gather around himself or herself a cadre of loyal clients who follow him or her from assignment to assignment, such as
Moff Governor Getelles and Admiral Larm in Planet of Twilight. Note that the case of Captain Nolaan and his protégé Lieutenant Jovan Vharing
(who was promoted to become the youngest captain and commanding officer of a Star Destroyer in the Imperial Navy after Nolaan’s summary
execution) demonstrates the dangers of being associated too closely with a disgraced patron; Vharing was himself summarily executed by High
Inquisitor Tremayne in “The Longest Fall.”
Nevertheless, there is also strong indication that ability alone can carry an officer’s career to the greatest heights, as well. His execution
notwithstanding, Vharing was himself an example of a supremely competent officer’s career advancing quite rapidly. TIE Fighter: The Stele
Chronicles, The TIE Fighter Official Strategy Guide and “The Emperor’s Pawns” detail the remarkable career of the Imperial ace of aces, Tan
Maarek Stele, who became one of the greatest fighter pilots in the galaxy, with a close connection with the Galactic Emperor himself and a
formidable reputation throughout the Empire in spite of his humble birth on a war-ravaged planet which didn’t even have contact with the
galactic civilization throughout much of his early life. In The New Essential Guide to Characters, the scribe describes Firmus Piett’s rapid ascent
to the rank of fleet admiral despite a complete lack of connections with the nomenklatura of the Core Worlds, solely on the basis of his superior
performance. Soontir Fel, born to an agrarian family of no significance, became one of the youngest commanding officers of a warship in the
history of the Imperial Navy (and eventually received a Barony of the Empire) because of his brilliant leadership and phenomenal ability as a
Naval Aviator in “The Making of Baron Fel” and The Hutt Gambit. Maximilian Veers rose practically overnight from being a colonel assigned to
an unimportant garrison in “Side Trip Part Four” to being a major general commanding the ground forces of Darth Vader’s elite Death Squadron
in The Empire Strikes Back. Mitth’raw’nuruodo, exiled from a backwater communist society in the Unknown Regions, rose from having no
friends or family at all to being one of the Galactic Emperor’s handpicked grand admirals and a Warlord of the Empire, as evidenced by “Mist
Encounter” and Heir to the Empire, this even in the face of human supremacist sentiments entrenched in many segments of Imperial and galactic
society.
For all their meritocracy, the Imperial Armed Forces do appear to have heavy institutional inertia and tend to put heavily pressure on junior
officers to conform to the accepted doctrines and procedures. This produces a curious environment of institutionalized excellence which adopts
new ideas without necessarily rewarding innovation. The Imperial Sourcebook, Second Edition mentions that “it is not unknown for a
commander to be summarily executed for his violation of Surface Operations Training Doctrine, and then have his methods evaluated and
subsequently adopted as new doctrine.” Because the Imperial Armed Forces have an irregular tendency toward summary demotion and
execution, and an equally irregular tendency toward field promotion – e.g., Lieutenant Janek Sunber’s promotion to captain, and then
“commander” (i.e., major) over the course of a single day in his first year of service in “To the Last Man,” or the well-known case of the
execution of Fleet Admiral Kendal Ozzel and promotion of Captain Piett to fleet admiral in The Empire Strikes Back – it is difficult to judge
how often the zealous conservatism of the “old liners” may lead to such reactionary termination of innovative officers, and how often the very
same kind of officer is promoted instead.
As usual, COMPNOR and the totalitarian wing of the monarchist party of the Galactic Empire have something of a confrontational relationship
with the other elements. The Dark Empire Sourcebook mentions “Political Reliability Observers” overseeing officers’ children, and an officer in
CompForce’s Observation branch designated the “Chief Ideological Monitor”; this is quite consistent with the repeated claims throughout the
Expanded Universe that the quasi-official Imperial Security Bureau (ISB) and the paramilitary CompForce routinely spy on the colonial
administration and the Regular Army and Navy personnel. Indeed, it is known that there are a number of officers who excel in political
maneuvering and their devotion to the New Order (i.e., the totalitarian segments of the Imperial State) and little else. Rear Admiral Motti is quite
explicitly said to be one such officer by the Death Star Technical Companion; Grand Admiral Ishin-Il-Raz is unambiguously said by “Who’s
Who: Imperial Grand Admirals” to have achieved his lofty rank by virtue of his status as one of the founders and chief ideologues of
COMPNOR, and possessed not the slightest modicum of the acumen implied by his white uniform. It is known that these officers and
totalitarian partisans are cordially detested among the other elements of the Armed Forces, who deeply resent the influence and preferential
treatment of the ideologically-connected personnel.
See also:
References:
- Campbell, Brian and Owen K. C. Stephens. More Starships! Wizards of the Coast, Inc., 2001.
- Carey, Craig R., Chris Doyle, Jason Fry, Paul Sudlow, John Terra and Daniel E. Wallace. Coruscant and the Core Worlds. Wizards of
the Coast, Inc., 2003. - Crispin, Anne C. The Hutt Gambit. Bantam Books, 1997.
- Daley, Brian. Star Wars: The Original Radio Drama. National Public Radio, 1981.
- DeMaria, Rusel. TIE Fighter: The Stele Chronicles. LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC, 1994.
- DeMaria, Rusel, David Maxwell and David Wessman. TIE Fighter: The Official Strategy Guide. Prima Publishing, Inc., 1994.
- Doyle, Chris and Paul Sudlow. Lords of the Expanse Gamemaster Guide. West End Games, 1997.
- Force Commander. LucasArts Entertainment Company LLC, 2002.
- Goodwin, Archie. “Dark Lord’s Gambit.” Star Wars Vol. 1, No. 35. Marvel Comics Group, 1980.
- Goodwin, Archie. “Return to Tatooine!” Star Wars Vol. 1, No. 31. Marvel Comics Group, 1979.
- Hambly, Barbara. Planet of Twilight. Bantam Books, 1997.
- Hartley, Welles. “To the Last Man.” Empire No. 16 - 18. Dark Horse Comics, Inc., 2004.
- Horne, Michael Allen. Dark Empire Sourcebook. West End Games, 1993.
- Jackson, Patricia A. “The Longest Fall.” The Official Star Wars Adventure Journal Vol. 1, No. 11. West End Games, 1996.
- Lucas, George. A New Hope. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation, 1977.
- Michelinie, David. “Shira’s Story.” Star Wars Vol. 1, No. 60. Marvel Comics Group, 1982.
- Miller, Steve, Bill Slavicsek, and Owen K. C. Stephens. Rebellion Era Sourcebook. Wizards of the Coast, Inc., 2001.
- O’Brien, Timothy S. The Far Orbit Project. West End Games, 1998.
- Peña, Abel G. and Juan Schwartz, with Pablo Hidalgo. “The Emperor’s Pawns.” Star Wars Gamer No. 5. Wizards of the Coast, Inc.,
2001. - Peña, Abel G. and Daniel E. Wallace. “Who’s Who: Imperial Grand Admirals.” Star Wars Insider No. 66. Paizo Publishing, LLC, 2003.
- Slavicsek, Bill. Death Star Technical Companion. West End Games, 1991, 1993.
- Stackpole, Michael A. “The Making of Baron Fel.” X-Wing Rogue Squadron No. 25. Dark Horse Comics, Inc., 1997.
- Thompson, Rodney and J. D. Wiker. Hero’s Guide. Wizards of the Coast, Inc., 2003.
- Wallace, Daniel E. The New Essential Guide to Characters. Del Rey Books, 2002.
- Zahn, Timothy. Heir to the Empire. Bantam Books, 1991.
- Zahn, Timothy. “Mist Encounter.” The Official Star Wars Adventure Journal Vol. 1, No. 7. West End Games, 1995.
- Zahn, Timothy. “Side Trip Part Four.” The Official Star Wars Adventure Journal Vol. 1, No. 13. West End Games, 1997.
This appendix was originally added on 24 November 2004. It was republished on 31 January 2007. Thanks are due to Mr. Jay
Shah for his constructive criticism and assistance, and to Mr. Adam Gehrls, who suggested the preparation of this appendix.
Shah for his constructive criticism and assistance, and to Mr. Adam Gehrls, who suggested the preparation of this appendix.
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